Q. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF COLORECTAL CANCER AND HOW DO I KNOW IF I’M AT RISK?
A. Cancer of the colon and rectum—called colorectal cancer (CRC)—is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men and woman in the United States.
Colorectal cancer develops from polyps, which are grape-like growths on the inner lining of the colon and rectum. Polyps form, usually after the age of 50, and grow slowly over many years. Most polyps will not become cancerous, but some may. Therefore, having polyps removed is very important, because it prevents cancer from developing.
Colorectal cancer frequently begins with no symptoms at all. This is why screening is so important. However, over time, there are a number or warning signs:
•Rectal bleeding
•Blood in your stool (bright red, very dark maroon or black)
•A change in your bowel habits, especially in the shape of your stool (e.g., narrow, like a pencil)
•Cramping pain in your abdomen
•Frequent gas pains
•Discomfort in or the urge to move your bowels when there is no need
•Weight loss without dieting
•Constant fatigue
Everyone has the risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, your risk depends on several factors. You are at average risk for colorectal cancer if you:
•Are ages 50 or older and have no other risk factors
You are at increased risk for colorectal cancer if you:
•Have a personal history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps
•Have a family history of one or more parents, brothers and/or sisters or children of colorectal cancer or adeomatous polyps
•Have a family history of multiple cancers, involving the breast, ovary, uterus, and other organs
•Have a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
Other factors that increase your risk of developing colorectal cancer are:
•A diet that is low in fiber and high in fat
•A sedentary lifestyle
Screening is important for two reasons. The early stage of colorectal cancer, which is when it is most curable, frequently does not cause any symptoms. Also just as important, screening is the only way to find polyps. If the polyp is removed it cannot develop into cancer.
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